Study on the solidification performance and mechanism of heavy metals by sludge/biomass ash ceramsites, biochar and biomass ash.

Industrial by-products are stored in large quantities in the open, leading to wasted resources and environmental pollution, and the natural environment is similarly faced with phosphate depletion and serious water and soil pollution. This study uses these by-products to produce a new sludge/biomass ash ceramsite that will be used to adsorb nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, and solidify heavy metals in the soil while releasing Olsen P. The sludge/biomass ash ceramsites are made using sewage sludge and biomass ash in a certain ratio calcined at high temperatures and modified for the adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater. Sludge/biomass ash ceramsites before and after phosphorus adsorption, biochar and biomass ash were compared to analyze their heavy metal adsorption capacity and potential as phosphate fertilizer. After phosphorus adsorption, the sludge/biomass ash ceramsites released effective phosphorus steadily and rapidly in the soil, with a greater initial release than biochar and biomass ash, and the ceramsites were in a granular form that could be easily recycled. Biochar and biomass residue, due to their surface functional groups, are better at solidifying heavy metals than sludge/biomass ash ceramsites. Biochar, biomass ash and sludge/biomass ash ceramsites significantly reduced the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in the soil. Correlation analysis demonstrated that there was a synergistic relationship between the increase in soil Olsen P content and the change in pH, with the increase in soil Olsen P content and the increase in pH contributing to heavy metal solidification.

Adsorption of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater by modified sludge/biomass ash ceramsite: Preparation, adsorption mechanism, and sustainable analysis.

Excessive ammonium and phosphate in aquatic settings may produce major eutrophication. Adsorbents can be used to reduce the eutrophication of natural water bodies. In this study, a sustainable and efficient ceramic adsorbent (sludge/biomass ash ceramsite [SBC]) was prepared by using sludge and biomass ash with a weight ratio of 1:1; the sintering parameters were 1070°C for 15 min. The NH4 + -N and P adsorption capabilities were improved by utilizing 1 mol L-1 NaOH and 1.6 mol L-1 La(NO3 )3 ·6H2 O for modification. When the pH and duration were 7 and 1440 min, respectively, the maximum bending capacity of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus was 3.2 and 2.1 mg g-1 at 308 K. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model better describes the adsorption dynamics of NH4 + -N and P, whereas the Langmuir model better describes the adsorption isotherm models of NH4 + -N and P. The adsorption mechanism of SBC-NaOH on NH4 + -N is ion exchange between Na+ and NH4 + , whereas the adsorption mechanism of SBC-La on phosphorus is ion exchange and La3+ adsorption. SBC combines efficient wastewater purification with the reuse of solid waste. The findings gave rise to the possibility of recycling ceramics as a plant fertilizer with a delayed release in the future. PRACTITIONER POINTS: New ceramsite was made from sludge and biomass ash. NH4 + -N (3.2 mg g-1 ) and P (2.1 mg g-1 ) were effectively adsorbed by ceramsite. The mechanism of NH4 + -N and P adsorption by ceramsite was studied. Absorbed ceramsite can be used as slow-release fertilizer in plant cultivation.

New quinoline alkaloid and bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoid derivatives from the deep-sea-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. SCSIO06786.

One new quinoline alkaloid (1), two new bisabolane-type sesquiterpene derivatives (2 and 3), and a new natural product (4) along with ten known compounds (514) were isolated from the deep sea-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. SCSIO06786 which cultured on solid rice medium. Three new structures were elucidated by analysis of 1D/2D NMR data and HR-ESI-MS. The absolute configurations of 2 and 3 were established by comparison of the experimental and reported ECD values. Compounds 11-13 exhibited moderate selective inhibitory activities against the tested pathogenic bacteria with MIC values among 3.13-12.5 µg/mL.

Structurally diverse secondary metabolites from a deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium chrysogenum SCSIO 41001 and their biological evaluation.

Five new compounds, including a cytotoxic dimeric isocoumarin, bipenicilisorin (1), a merosesquiterpenoid, yaminterritrem C (2), a citrinin dimer, penicitrinone F (3), a alkaloid, terremide D (4), and a δ-valerolacton, (E)-4-(propen-1-yl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (5), along with ten known compounds (6-15) were isolated from a deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium chrysogenum SCSIO 41001. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by NMR spectra, MS, CD, optical rotation, X-ray crystallography, and compared with literature data. Biological evaluation results revealed that 1 exhibited significant cytotoxic activities against K562, A549, and Huh-7 cell lines with IC50 values of 6.78, 6.94, and 2.59µM, respectively. Compound 3 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against EV71 with IC50 value of 14.50µM. In addition, 13 and 14 showed specific COX-2 inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 1.09 and 1.97µM, respectively.

New phenyl derivatives from endophytic fungus Botryosphaeria sp. SCSIO KcF6 derived of mangrove plant Kandelia candel.

Two new phenyl derivatives (1 and 3), along with two new natural products (4 and 5), and three known compounds (2, 6 and 7), were isolated from an endophytic fungus Botryosphaeria sp. SCSIO KcF6. The structures of these compounds 1-7 were elucidated by the extensive 1D and 2D-NMR and HRESIMS Data analysis, and compared with those of reported data. The absolute configuration of the compounds 1 and 3 were assigned by optical rotation and CD data. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory (COX-2) and antimicrobial activities. Compound 3 exhibited a specific COX-2 inhibitory activity with the IC50 value of 1.12 µM.

[Research on blockprinted versions of Yokucho collected at the libraries in mainland China].

There are several blockprinted versions of Yokucho written by Yoshimasu Todo, a representative of the Koho School, spread into inland China. By comparison, it is found that all these versions use the printing blocks of "Borotei's collected blocks". The descriptions for all these versions reveal as follows: Anhui Provincial Library: the 5(th) year of Yisi (1785) of Japanese Tenmei reign, a blockprinted edition of Langkha Bookstore, Yoshidashokento from the Borotei blocks; National Library: the 5(th) year of Yisi (1785) of Japanese Teimei reign, a blockprinted edition of Hei'an Bookstore (Royal Bookstore), Siwento Bookstore from the Borotei blocks; Library of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences: the 9(th) year of Renshen (1812) of Japanese Bunkha reign, a blockprinted edition of Kyoto Bookstore, Langkha Bookstore, Yoshidashoken Bookstore from the Borotei blocks; Library of Aademia Sinica: (1) the 9(th) year of Renshen (1812) of Japanese Bunkha reign, Khaga-wo Bookstore, Langkha Bookstore from the Borotei blocks; (2) the 5(th) year of Yisi (1785) of Japanese Tenmei reign, a blockprinted edition of Hei'an Bookstore (Royal Bookstore), Siwento Bookstore from the Borotei blocks; Library of Life Sciences, Shanghai Information Center for Life Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences: the 9(th) year of Renshen (1812) of Japanese Bunkha reign, a blockprinted edition of Kyoto Bookstore, Langkha Bookstore, Yoshidashoken Bookstore Borotei blocks.

[Textual research of Bencaogangmu Yizhilu].

Bencaogangmu Yizhilu was compiled by DAI Baoyuan according to Bencao Gangmu in the late Qing dynasty. Due to the limited circulation of the book, it was little studied by people in later ages. Errors could be found concerning the book's content, editions and the author's life. After in-depth research, we concluded that the author's name was Baoyuan (courtesy name Xintian and pseudonym Shouyu). He was born about in 1818 and the year of death was unclear. Compilation of the book was completed in 1885 and the book was published in 1887. Recording 2240 kinds of herbs, the book included 8 volumes, 7 of which were text and the 8(th) volume was the index. It has two editions-the Wu Yuansi added Shanfang printed edition (the 13th year of the Guangxu Period, 1887) and the copy edition of the Qing dynasty.

A new antitumor arabinopyranoside from Laurencia majuscula induces G2/M cell cycle arrest.

A new arabinopyranoside was isolated from the alga Laurencia majuscula (Harvey) Lucas, collected from the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea. Its structure was elucidated as hexadecyl-1-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside by spectroscopic analysis. It was found that arabinopyranoside had significant antitumor activity in LOVO and Bel-7402 cell lines. Flow cytometric analysis showed that arabinopyranoside arrested the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. Western blotting demonstrated that the protein expression of CDK1 and cyclin A related to the G2/M phase decreased markedly with arabinopyranoside treatment, with slight changes in cyclin B1 expression. Taken together, the findings identify a potential new antitumor therapeutic arabinopyranoside isolated from red alga Laurencia majuscula.

[Experimental studies of anti-proliferative effects of marinesponge extracts S1 - S3 on human lung adenocarcinoma and hepatocarcinoma cells].

OBJECTIVE: To study the anti-proliferative effects of marinesponge extract-S1 - S3 on human lung adenocarcinoma GLC-82, hepatocarcinoma 7402 and gastric carcinoma MCG-803 cells in vitro. METHODS: The parameters were got by MTT assay. RESULTS: After human lung adenocarcinoma GLC-82, hepatocarcinoma 7402 and gastric carcinoma MCG-803 cells were treated by marinesponge extract-S1 - S3 for 48h, the growth of lung adenocarcinoma GLC-82 and hepatocarcinoma 7402 cells were inhibited significantly by the S3 and the IC50 were 2. 714 microg/ml and 2. 598 microg/ml respectively; but no significant effect on the gastric carcinoma MCG-803 cells. The marinesponge extracts S1 and S2 don't show inhibitive effect on the proliferation of those three tumor cells. CONCLUSION: Marine-sponge extract S3 can inhibit the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma GLC-82 and hepatocarcinoma 7402 cells significantly.